四川省部分地区山羊沙门氏菌健康带菌率及耐药性调查

为了解四川省山羊沙门氏菌带菌情况,本试验采集了四川省部分地区5个规模化山羊养殖场表观健康山羊粪便196份,经BPW预增菌、TTB选择性增菌后,采用靶向invA基因的PCR方法检测沙门氏菌的带菌率;对阳性样本进行细菌分离鉴定,随机选择25株沙门氏菌分离株测定其对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,山羊沙门氏菌的平均带菌率为54.59%。药敏试验结果显示,分离株均对丁胺卡那敏感,而对其余14种抗菌药物呈不同程度的耐药,多重耐药菌株占88%,其中耐2~7种药物的占52%,耐9~13种药物的占36%。结果表明,四川省部分地区山羊的沙门氏菌健康带菌率较高,且多重耐药性普遍,其公共卫生意义值得进一步研究。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

广西猪瘟病毒E0和E2基因的克隆及序列分析

通过分析目前广西猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的E0和E2基因特征,为了解广西地区CSFV的分子流行病学、遗传变异及综合防控提供科学依据。试验采用RT-PCR方法,对阳性猪瘟样品进行CSFV的E0及E2基因的扩增,经克隆、测序后,利用DNAStar软件对序列进行比对分析,同时绘制系统遗传进化树。结果表明,从阳性猪瘟样品中成功扩增CSFV的E0及E2基因。序列比对分析发现,GX2毒株与参考毒株的E0基因核苷酸同源性在83.1%~94.1%,其推导氨基酸同源性在85.9%~99.6%;与参考毒株的E2基因核苷酸同源性为81.7%~93.7%,其推导氨基酸同源性为89.0%~97.0%;E0与E2基因均属于基因Ⅱ群。氨基酸变异位点分析表明,E0蛋白的RNase活性区域氨基酸基序位点没有发生变异;E2蛋白中15个位点上的半胱氨酸均未发生变异,但单抗识别位点S734R发生变异。遗传进化分析显示测定的GX2毒株与近年来广西CSFV流行毒株的变异趋势相似,与中国传统疫苗株HCLV、经典强毒株Shimen的同源性较低,亲缘关系较远,与广西近年来的流行毒株GXWZ02株的同源性较高,亲缘关系较近。     

内蒙古地区暖棚养羊的必要性和太阳能采暖的应用

内蒙古大部分地区的严寒季节长达6~7个月,受寒冷气候条件的影响,散养羊生长缓慢,饲料消耗量增加,掉膘现象严重,产羔率和羔羊成活率也受到严重影响,大大降低了养羊的经济效益。建筑暖棚不仅能提供充足的热能,还可防止羊只掉膘。但是,常用的取暖方式以燃烧木材、煤或羊粪砖为主,存在着污染环境的隐患,并会受资源短缺的限制。太阳能作为一种新能源,是人类可以利用的最丰富的能源,可以就地开发利用,不存在运输问题,是一种洁净的能源,不会造成污染和公害。因此,利用太阳能采暖和暖棚养羊能够推动畜牧业向健康、高效、资源节约的合理方向发展。     

四川盆地丘陵区主要森林群落结构特征研究

本文对四川盆地丘陵区主要森林群落--人工柏木纯林、次生栎柏混交林和桤柏混交林的群落结构特征进行了研究.结果表明：在群落的物种组成、生活型、层片结构以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson生态优势度指数表征的群落综合特征上,次生混交林与人工林具有很大差异.人工柏木纯林物种数量少,乔、灌、草层的物种多样性和均匀度较低,生态优势度较高;次生栎柏混交林和桤柏混交林物种数量较多,乔、灌、草层有较高的物种多样性和均匀度,较低的生态优势度.     

漯河市沙河湿地公园景观规划设计探析

以漯河市沙河湿地公园为例,对湿地公园的规划思路、规划布局结构、重点区设计等进行系统分析。依据场地区位和环境特点,结合国家级湿地公园规划规范,形成四区、六园、十景的总体格局。通过梳理园区水系和交通流线,结合生态恢复与重建,建设一处以湿地生态系统保育为主,集科普宣教、游览观光、休闲养生于一体并与周边区域协调发展的国家级湿地公园。     

杉木根、枝和叶的C、N、P生态化学计量特征

以湖南会同杉木基地Ⅲ号集水区25年生杉木人工林为研究对象,测定1月份杉木根、枝和叶的C、N、P含量,研究其C、N、P生态化学计量特征。结果表明:杉木根、枝和叶中C含量平均值分别为561.04、515.93、513.56 g/kg,表现为根枝叶;N含量平均值分别为6.86、8.78、7.97 g/kg,表现为枝叶根;P含量平均值分别为1.45、0.71、1.54 g/kg,表现为叶根枝。根的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为92.50、521.72、5.29;枝的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为65.17、789.82、12.46;叶的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为69.31、355.56、5.53。叶的C含量和枝的呈显著正相关;叶的N含量和枝的呈极显著正相关;叶的N含量和根的呈极显著正相关;P的含量在根、枝和叶之间均呈显著正相关。     

不同林龄马尾松生长及生物量分配研究

对渝东重庆石柱林场不同林龄(8a、20 a、30 a)马尾松生长及生物量分配状况研究,结果表明:①马尾松的胸径和树高在幼龄林(8a)和中龄林(20a)生长速度最快,材积量则在成熟期(30a)达到最大.②马尾松各器官生物量和总量随着林龄的增加而增加,树干的生物量增长速度最快,在成熟期最高,达到72.68％.③各林龄马尾松林内,各层次生物量的高低排序都为乔木层、枯落物层、草本层、灌木层;乔木层生物量和林地地上总生物量均随着林龄的增加而增加,并占有绝对的优势;灌木层、草本层和枯落物层占地上部分总生物量比重则逐渐降低.④马尾松林的地上部分各林层的净生产力在中龄林的高低排序都为乔木层、枯落物层、草本层、灌木层,幼龄林和成熟林则表现为乔木层、草本层、枯落物层、灌木层;乔木层生产力在地上总生产力中占绝对比重.     

不同判读方式和判读人员对遥感正判率的影响分析

在湖南省按照不同地貌类型和地类破碎程度抽取4 km×4 km大样地10个,采用不同判读方式(充分参考林业档案信息与不参考林业档案信息)和不同判读人员(有5年以上遥感判读经验人员与无任何遥感判读经验人员)对10个大样地进行遥感判读区划,并对判读区划结果进行实地调查验证。分析表明:各地类正判率与其面积成正相关,其它调查因子判读难度较大;充分参考林业档案信息能够显著提高正判率,但优势树种、起源、龄组、郁闭度等因子综合正判率仍然偏低;不同判读工作经验人员对遥感判读有一定的影响,无判读工作经验人员应经过一定程度培训后才可参与判读工作。     

部分放开森林采伐限额政策探讨

通过分析不同森林类型采伐的经营特点,探讨森林采伐限额政策的适宜程度,形成对部分类型森林放开采伐限额的思路,分析评估放开采伐限额政策的风险,提出改善森林采伐限额政策建议。